The sound quality of a TV speaker box directly affects the experience of watching movies and listening to music, and multiple key parameters work together to determine its sound quality.
The speaker unit is the core component of the TV speaker box's sound, and its various parameters have a profound impact on the sound quality. The first is the size. Generally speaking, a large-size speaker unit can produce a larger vibration amplitude, thereby outputting a stronger and fuller low-frequency sound. For example, a 6.5-inch and above bass unit can make the low-frequency sound effects such as explosions and thunder in movies more shocking. The second is the diaphragm material. The paper diaphragm has a natural and soft sound, which is suitable for restoring the human voice; the metal diaphragm has strong rigidity, excellent high-frequency response, and clear and bright sound; while the wool braided diaphragm is more prominent in the mid-frequency performance, which can make the timbre of string instruments in music warmer and mellower. In addition, the speaker's magnetic circuit system and voice coil specifications cannot be ignored. Strong magnetic circuits and large voice coils can provide stronger driving force, making the sound dynamic range larger and the details richer.
The number and layout of channels directly determine the stereoscopic and spatial sense of the sound. Common TV speaker box channels include 2.0 channels (two-channel stereo), 2.1 channels (two-channel plus an independent subwoofer), 5.1 channels (left, center, right, left surround, right surround plus a subwoofer), and 7.1 channels. 2.0 channel speakers can create a basic stereo effect, suitable for watching ordinary TV series and listening to music; the subwoofer added to the 2.1 channel enhances the low-frequency performance, and the atmosphere when watching movies is better; 5.1 channel and above speaker systems, through the coordinated sound of multiple channels, can accurately locate the source direction of the sound, making the user feel as if they are in a movie scene. For example, in a war movie, the sound of bullets whizzing past from different directions can be clearly distinguished. At the same time, a reasonable speaker layout is also crucial. The position and angle of the front, center, and surround speakers will affect the reflection and superposition effects of the sound, and thus affect the spatial sense and layering of the sound quality.
Frequency response range is an important parameter to measure the sound quality of TV speaker box, which indicates the sound frequency range that the speaker can play back. The sound frequency range that human ears can hear is generally between 20Hz and 20kHz. An ideal TV speaker box should have a balanced performance within this range. But in fact, there are differences in the frequency response range of different speakers. The lower the low-frequency lower limit, the stronger the speaker's ability to restore deep and shocking bass. For example, speakers that can reach 30Hz or even lower will have more impact when playing low-frequency sound effects in movies; the higher the high-frequency upper limit, the better the details and brightness of the sound. For example, speakers with a high-frequency response of 25kHz will make the high-pitched part of the violin more crisp and pleasant when playing classical music. In addition, the flatness of the frequency response curve is also critical. The flatter the curve, the more balanced the sound performance of the speaker in each frequency band, and there will be no situation where the sound in a certain frequency band is too strong or too weak, thus ensuring the true restoration of the sound.
The power and sensitivity of the speaker are closely related to the loudness and sound quality of the sound. Power is divided into rated power and peak power. Rated power is the power at which the speaker can work stably for a long time, which determines the loudness and dynamic range of the speaker. Generally speaking, in the same environment, the greater the power, the louder the sound of the speaker, and it can maintain good sound quality when playing at a high volume without distortion. Sensitivity refers to the sound pressure that the speaker can produce when a certain power signal is input. The higher the sensitivity of the speaker, the louder the sound will be when driven by the same power. However, it should be noted that the greater the power and sensitivity, the better. It also needs to match the output power of the TV and the size of the room. If the speaker power is too large and the sensitivity is too high, it may cause the sound to be too noisy when used in a small room; on the contrary, insufficient power and sensitivity will make the sound appear thin and weak.
With the continuous development of audio technology, various high-quality audio formats have emerged. The audio decoding capability of the TV speaker box directly affects its support and restoration effect for different audio formats. Common audio decoding formats include Dolby Digital, DTS, etc. Speakers with Dolby Digital decoding capabilities can decode Dolby surround sound signals commonly seen in movies, accurately restore the sound information of each channel, and create realistic surround sound effects; DTS decoding is known for its high-fidelity sound quality and powerful surround sound performance, allowing users to experience clearer and more shocking sound effects. In addition, some high-end TV speaker boxes also support three-dimensional audio decoding technologies such as Dolby Atmos and DTS:X. These technologies create a more three-dimensional and omnidirectional sound field by adding top channels or virtual channels, making the sound seem to move freely in the room, greatly enhancing the immersive feeling of watching movies and listening to music.
The cabinet material and structure of the speaker play an important auxiliary role in the sound quality. Common cabinet materials include wood, plastic and metal. Wooden cabinets have good acoustic properties, which can effectively reduce cabinet resonance, avoid sound distortion, and make the sound quality purer; plastic cabinets are light and low-cost, but are relatively weak in suppressing resonance, and the sound quality is slightly inferior; metal cabinets are sturdy and durable, but if they are not designed properly, they are prone to metal resonance, affecting the sound quality. In addition to the material, the structural design of the cabinet should not be ignored. For example, the inverted speaker uses the vibration of the air in the box to enhance the low-frequency output by setting an inverted hole on the cabinet, making the bass fuller and more powerful; the closed speaker is loved by some users for its simple structure and fast and clean bass response. Reasonable cabinet material and structural design can cooperate with the speaker unit to optimize the propagation and radiation of sound and improve the overall sound quality.
Modern TV speaker boxes usually use various advanced signal processing technologies to optimize the sound quality. Digital signal processing (DSP) technology can accurately adjust and optimize audio signals. For example, equalization can enhance or attenuate the sound of a specific frequency band according to different audio content and user preferences; dynamic range control can automatically adjust the intensity of the sound to avoid the volume from fluctuating; virtual surround sound technology simulates multi-channel surround sound effects through algorithms, and even 2.0-channel speakers can create a certain surround sound atmosphere. In addition, some speakers also have intelligent sound field calibration functions, which detect the acoustic environment of the room through built-in microphones and automatically adjust the parameters of the speakers to achieve the best sound quality. The application of these signal processing technologies can make up for the shortcomings of speaker hardware, further improve the sound quality performance, and bring users a better audio experience.
